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Module 5: Tools for Mainstreaming Gender in Transport
5.8. Transport Sector Policy Points of Intervention
Transport sector policy is often assumed to be gender neutral when,
in fact, it is often gender blind or gender biased. The following elements
can facilitate gender aware policy and planning.
Sector Policy Check List
- Do transportation policy and planning procedures explicitly
take gender into account?
- Are gender gaps and gender specific needs, capacities,
constraints and opportunities identified?
- Is socioeconomic empowerment an integral element?
- Is there a gender balance in the transport-related ministries"
work force? Is there gender expertise?
- Is there a ministry focal point or unit responsible for advocacy
and gender inclusion at the policy and project level?
- Have women and men civil society stakeholders for transport
programs been consulted? Included in teams analyzing policy
and strategy? Included in decision-making?
- Does the Road Fund Board have representation advocating on
gender issues?
- Does investment in the transport sector increase access to
schools, markets, health, financial and other services?
- Is privatization of transportation under consideration? What
are the implications for pricing and safety factors that could
negatively impact poor women?
- Is there a system for monitoring the implementation of gender
components of sector policies and strategies?
- Does the transportation sector strategy address gender issues?
- Labor issues (e.g., promotion of gender in labor based
work, inclusion of women contractors)?
- Participation of women in prioritization and design of
works?
- Discriminatory practices (e.g., constraining women from
becoming entrepreneurs of transport services or taking civil
contracts for works?)
- Promotion of safe transport facilities and modes of transport?
- HIV/AIDs prevention?
- IMTs?
- Participatory monitoring and evaluation?
- Policy reforms with significant gender impacts (e.g.,
Increased fuel levies, increased public transport costs,
retrenchment)
- Does the sector budget include resources for:
- Gender disaggregation of data
- Outreach and capacity building
- Grants for addressing gender issues
- Maintenance of access roads, footbridges, tracks?
If many of these elements are lacking, awareness raising
and advocacy are needed to put them in place. |
Addressing Gender and Poverty
Issues in Transport Policy
Step
1: Social Assessment
- Stakeholder Analysis
- Situation Analysis
- Communication strategy targeting poor women and men
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Step
2: Policy Formulation
- Cohesion of transport policy with national policies
on poverty and gender.
- Clarify roles and responsibilities of different
agencies regarding the nexus between the transport
sectors and gender and poverty policies (PRSP, national
equality and gender policies).
- Recruit transaction advisors that have a capacity
and track record of implementing these policies.
- Possible measures to address gender and social equity
with efficiency.
- Inclusive contracts with menu of options and
providers (formal and informal).
- Provision for operation in unplanned/informal
areas.
- Adoption of standards relevant to context that
promote inclusion.
- Strategically targeted subsidies, including out-put
based aid, to support gender as well as economic
equity.
- Human resource policy including provision of
adequate social protection for retrenchees and targets
for promotion and training of women within transport
sector services.
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Step
3: Transport Sector Regulation
- Underlying values
- Commitment to implementing national social and
economic objectives.
- "Putting the poor first."
- Promote both accessibility and affordability
- Ensure scope for small scale providers.
- Set technology and quality standards relevant
to context such that they promote inclusion.
- Target subsidy instruments (e.g., output-based
aid).
- Anticipate and monitor distributional impacts on
a gender-disaggregated basis
- Collect and analyze baseline and monitoring data.
- Identify the "vulnerable" in need of subsidies.
- Monitor impact of tariffs and subsidies.
- Monitor connections and disconnections.
- Communication and Transparency
- Hold public consultations in poor areas, separately
for women and men.
- Use local languages and advise people on rights
and services available.
- Gender disaggregate qualitative and quantitative
consumer surveys.
- Establish gender representation on consumer boards
and other decision-making bodies.
- Use gender/poverty advisors and encourage grievance
committees and external monitoring.
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Mainstreaming Gender in Transport Policy
in Zambia
The Government of Zambia moved toward filling the gender gap in
transport policies [that had left most women, particularly those
in rural areas, with little access to transport] through the following
measures:
- Making an inventory of transport and communication use by
gender.
- Training and awareness raising for women in construction
and management of transport infrastructure.
- Facilitating research to identify the modes of transport
used in different rural areas, especially by women, to inform
the development of appropriate interventions.
- Facilitating and providing soft loans and other incentives
such as tax holidays for rural transport operators in order
to increase access to transport for poor women, as well as those
with disabilities.
- Empowering women to participate in the management of transport
in their local communities.
- Developing coordination mechanisms between the transport
sector and other sectors in the economy to ensure that women
receive benefits.
- Enacting legislation to compel transporters to import facilities
that are accessible to women and persons with disabilities.
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Sector Policy Resources
See Module 6 for a complete listing of gender and transport resources
organized by type of resource and issues. The list below includes resources
on topics presented in this section of Module 5.
- Social
Analysis in Transport Projects: Guidelines for Incorporating Social
Dimensions into Bank Supported Projects. Social Analysis
Sector Guidance Note Series. World Bank. 2006.
- Transport
Sector Programmes in Developing Countries: Integrating a Gender Analysis.
Elson, Evers and Turner. University of Manchester, 1999.
- Gender
and Transport: A Strategy for Africa. E.Rankin. World
Bank, 1999.
- "Public
Private Partnerships: Gender, Infrastructure and Poverty."
World Bank, 2004.
- Rural
Transport Policy Development Process in Malawi. Rural
Transport Knowledge Base. TRL Ltd., SSATP/RTTP and DFID,1999.
- Why
Transport Matters: Contributions of the Transport Sector Towards Achieving
the Millennium Development Goals. GTZ for German Ministry
for Economic Cooperation and Development. Bonn, 2005.
- Rural
Transport Training Materials CD-ROM. Module 1: Policies and Strategies:
Session 1.3 Rural Transport Policy Development Process ;
Session 1.4
Rural Transport Safety Strategy. DFID, World Bank, SSATP and
TRL Ltd., 2004.
- Discussion
of World Bank Draft Transport Policy. Gatnet, 2006.
- Waterways
and Livelihoods: A Resource for Promoting Improved Policy and Practice.
IFRTD,DFID, World Bank. 2003.
- Toolkit
on Mainstreaming Gender Equality in EC Development Cooperation.
Section 2. Priority Area 3:Transportation Sector. European Commission,
2004.
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