This SSATP working paper examines one of the most overlooked dimensions of urban mobility reform in Africa: the governance of bus stations. Drawing on field research conducted at eight bus stations in Abidjan, Dakar, Dar es Salaam, and Maputo, the study demonstrates that the poor performance of many stations is primarily a governance challenge rather than an infrastructure problem. Fragmented institutional responsibilities, weak oversight, unclear management mandates, and the absence of reinvestment mechanisms often result in congested, undermaintained facilities that fail to meet the needs of passengers and operators alike. 

The paper analyzes existing management arrangements, ranging from entirely informal operator-led systems to formal public-private partnerships, and assesses their strengths, weaknesses, and suitability under different institutional contexts. It proposes four alternative governance models and presents a practical nine-step assessment framework to help transport authorities identify appropriate reform pathways. By linking bus station governance to broader paratransit reform efforts, the publication highlights how stronger institutional arrangements, clearer accountability, and better integration of private sector participation can improve service quality, support investment, and contribute to more efficient, inclusive, and sustainable urban transport systems across Africa.