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Module 1: Why Gender and Transport?
1.4. Mainstreaming Gender in Transport
Transport policies and programs can better address the full range of transport
tasks undertaken and the gendered nature of transport responsibilities
through:
- Gender-sensitive policy development processes.
- Staff gender and transport awareness raising and training.
- Recruitment, training and promotion of women in all aspects of
transport.
- Participation of female and male transport users of all ages in
project design, implementation, monitoring and evaluation.
- Gender-related transport needs and contraints addressed in project
design, implementation and evaluation.
- Gender-sensitive organizational policies, strategies and operational
guidelines.
Gender Mainstreaming: Potential Impacts
Gender mainstreaming in the transport sector creates opportunities and
benefits that contribute to four dimensions of poverty reduction.
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Integrating Gender in Transport
Helps Reduce Poverty
Economic Opportunities
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Transport increases access to employment and markets.
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Greater access to markets reduces dependence on middlemen and increases income.
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Time saved in transport of water and wood is available for productive activities.
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Employment in road construction and maintenance increases income.
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Increased opportunities to provide transport services increases income and transport options.
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Transport services that respond to women's and men's needs will increase their business.
Case example: Women participants in the Bangladesh
Rural Roads and Markets Project increased their capacity
to sell products in one place at a higher price without
the help of middlemen.
Source: Study on Dimensions of Rural Roads and Markets
Improvement, World Bank.
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Access
to Services
- Increased access to primary and secondary schools.
- Increased opportunities for literacy and adult education.
- Reduced maternal and infant mortality due to increased
access to health facilities.
- Reduced illness and mortality due to increased access
to safe water.
Case Example: Transport Helps Reduce Maternal Mortality
in Malaysia and Sri Lanka
In Malaysia and Sri Lanka, transport has been an imporant
factor in reducing maternal mortality. Rural development
has improved transportation and road access to improve
overall mobility (also important in Malaysian urban context).
In both Malaysia and Sri Lanka, free or subsidized emergency
transportation was provided in rural areas primarily;
whereas ambulatory medical care was gradually provided
by the private sector and financed by user fees. When
there was no access to an ambulance or other forms of
official transportation, field staff were authorized to
hire private transportation for emergency referrals –
transport evolved from bullock cart or a buggy in remote
areas to taxi or private vehicle. Telephone access also
helped in referrals and efficiency of transport measures
(Sri Lanka).
Source : Adapted afrom Social Analysis in Transport
Projects. World Bank. 2006.
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Security
- Safer travel due to improved maintenance, safer driving.
- Greater personal security when traveling.
- Greater food security due to improved transport and
access to food and water during drought.
- Prevention of HIV/AIDS transmission.
Case example: The Tokyo subway system adopted
women only cars and hired women attendants to reduce harassment
of women in crowded public transport.
Source: Gender and Urban Transport. GTZ 2006.
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Empowerment through Engendered Transport
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Greater access to education, services and agencies.
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Greater control of economic resources at the household and community level.
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Increased participation in local government decision-making.
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Greater access to information and resource persons.
- Wider, stronger social ties as a result of greater
mobility.
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© 2006 The World Bank, All Rights Reserved.