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Adoption patterns
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Recognising the complementarity of transport solutions
Different transport solutions can coexist alongside each other, fulfilling different specialised niches. Motor power has advantages for large loads and long distances. Human and animal power may be more appropriate for lighter loads and shorter distances, including on-farm, within-village and 'feeder' transport.

In the Dominican Republic, there are many complementary uses of human, animal and motor power. Horses may transport the sacks of rice grain extracted by large combine harvesters. In sugar cane estates, ox carts are used for short-distance transport, complementing the tractors that transport cane from more distant fields.
Animal and motor power in the Dominican Republic
Photograph by Paul Starkey ©
Photograph by Paul Starkey ©
Donkey cart assisting a broken down taxi in South Africa



Donkey carts distributing goods imported by lorry in Mauritania
Donkey carts distributing goods imported
by lorry in Mauritania

Photograph by Paul Starkey ©
Complementary tanker technologies in Ethiopia
 
Photograph by Paul Starkey ©
Ox cart providing 'feeder' transport in Kenya

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