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Module 5: Tools for Mainstreaming Gender in Transport
5.4. Communication Strategies
Communication is a vital element of gender-responsive transportation
projects. Communication strategies provide the means to:
- Inform and educate about gender and transportation.
- Change attitudes and behavior about gender and transportation.
- Lay the groundwork for mobilization and advocacy.
Increasing Communication Effectiveness and Impact
- Use a strategic communication approach.
- Understand the enabling environment for change.
- Use locally appropriate applications of information communication
technologies (ICTs).
- Follow practical communication tips.
Effective Communication
1. Strategic
Communication Approach
- Communicating strategically requires a clearly defined
strategy with specific gender and transport goals established
in advance.
- A strong transport communication program should engage
multiple stakeholders at the national, district and
community level.
- A successful gender and transport communication plan
always considers ways to build capacity at the institutional
and community level.
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2. Enabling
Environment for Change
Gender and Transport communication has to aim at effecting
broader social change as a necessary means to achieve sustainable
behavior change that increases the access of women and girls.
- The socio-cultural context defines the targets of
opportunity (or barriers) for change.
- Dialogue serves as a basis for collective action.
- Information is shared or exchanged between two or
more individuals rather than transmitted from one to
the other. No one is a passive receiver of information.
- Importance is given to the participant's perception
and interpretation of information and understanding
that communication is a process of dialogue or ongoing
cultural conversation.
- Communication within a community or group is required
to identify areas of agreement and disagreement.
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3. Gender
Responsive ICTs
What do we mean by information communication technologies
"ICTs"?
- Services include classic telecom
services such as telephone, fax, and mobile telephone.
Services used together with computer hardware and software
form the basis for a range of other services, including
email, direct file transfer, and internet.
- Technologies include a broad array
ranging from 'old' technologies such as TV and radio
(broadcast and ham) to 'new' ones such as cellular mobile;
while networks may be comprised of copper or fiber optic
cable, wireless or cellular mobile links, and satellite
links.
- Applications include videoconferencing,
teleworking, distance learning, management information
systems, stock taking. Thus services as basic as telephones
are at issue, as well as applications as complex as
"telemetering", for example, to remotely monitor water
conditions as part of a flood forecasting system. Indeed,
many services and applications can be made available
as soon as telephone service is provided: the same type
of technologies that are used to transmit voice can
also transmit fax, data, and digitally compressed video.
"The importance of ICTs is not the technology as
such, but its enabling function in access to knowledge,
information and communications: increasingly important elements
in today's economic and social interaction."
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4. Communication
Tips
- When trying to influence specific audiences, it may
be useful to use intermediary institutions to lobby
your actual target audience.
- The media can be a useful tool in building 'background
noise' in support of your cause, so that when you do
reach your target audience with specific messages, they
are already familiar with the subject and themes within
it.
- It will be necessary to raise the profile and capacity
and reputation of the instruments of influence (i.e.,
the institutions that will be carrying the messages).
- When trying to change the way individuals work, show
them how much they have already achieved in meeting
the needs of both men and women in their work - then
point out how much more effective they could be by incorporating
your advice.
- The most influential tool you have for changing the
way people work and think is gender disaggregated EVIDENCE.
- Look for a niche for your information: i.e., find
out what other people are doing and what information
would be useful to them and try to 'fit' your advice
so that it meets their needs.
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Examples of Effective Communication in Transport Programs
Abidjan Lagos Corridor Project
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Posters promote mass-media awareness raising campaign for HIV/AIDS
prevention on the transportation corridor between Lagos and Abidjan.
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Press coverage promoted the HIV/AIDS prevention campaign.
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Promotional Posters are displayed on kiosks providing condoms.
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Kenya Matatu's Speak to Communities about HIV/AIDS
A new initiative in Kenya targeting urban commuter minibuses (Matatu)
is exploring the roles that they could play in the fight against HIV/AIDS.
Instead of focusing on role models such as football players, musicians
and athletes, the messages spread on Matatu body paintwork can focus
on the dangers of HIV/AIDS.
Communication Resources
See Module 6 for a complete listing of gender and transport resources
organized by type of resource and issues. The list below includes resources
on topics presented in this section of Module 5.
- Gender
Mainstreaming Learning Manual and Information Pack ,
Module on Information, Communication, and Knowledge Sharing, UNDP,
2001.
- Balancing
the Load: Proceedings of the Asia and Africa Regional Seminars on
Gender and Rural Transport. International Forum for
Rural Transport and Development (IFRTD), 1999.
- Women
and Information for Participation and Decision Making in Sustainable
Development in Developing Countries. Corral and Ransom,
REDEH Brazil / Women's Environment and Development Organization (WEDO.)
Prepared for the conference on "Gender Perspectives for Earth Summit",
2001.
- Gender
and ICT. BRIDGE, 2004.
- Gender
and ICT Tookit. World Bank Gender and Transport Web page.
- "How
ICT (can) play a catalytic role in the support of integrating gender
into transport projects for women in developing nations."
Gatnet Virtual Discussion, 2005.
- Safer
Motherhood. Behavior Change to Reduce Maternal Deaths.
Moore for USAID Communication Initiative, 2000.
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