Ticketless, crew cash collection

Not usually seen in formal transport operations, this method is often typical in the informal para-transit sector. The driver or conductor is motivated to collect cash, although the timing of collection [either upon boarding, during the trip or upon alighting], varies with local convention. Sometimes fares are not fixed but are individually negotiated.

One-person operation and fare collection is more typical in higher wage economies, whereas crew operation with a conductor (or mate) is common in much of Africa. Control of over-riding is through the fare structure (flat fare from point of boarding), or by observation of the limited number of passengers on-board. In rare cases, passengers may receive a rebate if they alight well before the final destination.