Printed validation stamp

A printed validation stamp is a mechanical device that makes a mark or obliteration on a ticket. It should be noted that this technology cluster covers a very wide range of machine types. While the stamp is mechanical, it may sit within a very simple mechanical device, or within an advanced electronic device.

The ticket is inserted into the device. In some machines, the validation stamp is activated automatically when the presence of the ticket is detected, or when the ticket presses against an activation switch. In other machines, the user presses a button or lever to stamp the ticket.

The content of the validation stamp varies with the use context, and with the capabilities of the machine. The range includes:

• Preset text (e.g. “cancelled”).
• Semi-fixed user-configurable information (e.g. the vehicle number or station where the stamp is location).
• Dynamic data, which may be received from another device such as a ticket issuing machine (e.g. route, stage number, date-time).

Some machines have a mechanical counter or register to indicate the cumulative number of validations.

The two main applications for printed validation stamps are:

• To activate a pre-issued ticket purchased from a booking office or self-service vending machine. The ticket is not valid for travel until is has been stamped. This is common usage in European rail systems.
• To mark a pre-purchased ticket so that it cannot be used for further boardings.

Benefits of mechanical validation stamps are:

• Simple technology to stamp information onto a ticket.
• The ticket is clearly and irreversibly marked.
• In some cases, a moderate amount of information can be stamped to assist inspection and revenue protection.
• Low to moderate cost.
• Few moving parts with high reliability and low maintenance requirements.
• Longevity.

Cautions with regard to mechanical validation stamps are:

• Functionality is limited.
• If user-configurable parts of the stamp need to be adjusted frequently, this might not be done consistently, leading to problems with inspection and revenue protection.
• Permitted transfers must rely on visual inspection.
• No transaction data are generated to support administrative or planning processes.