Off-peak travel fares

As noted earlier, many urban passenger transport systems differentiate their fares according to the time of travel. Each such fare product will have its own specific conditions for validity, with some offering reductions only between the peaks and others at any time after the morning peak (in recognition that the evening peak demand is generally lower and longer spread, and usually doesn’t include scholar traffic).

Conversely, night services might be charged at a premium because of their high marginal cost of operation (including security protection) and relatively low level of demand.